How Much Coronavirus Funding Has Gone to Your State?

Below is a description of the methodology used for compiling and collecting state-level data for certain programs that provide federal funding in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This appendix includes a brief definition of each program, an indication of where the data came from, when the data was collected, and any data caveats.

Paycheck Protection Program

The Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) provides federally backed loans in an effort to incentivize small businesses to maintain their payroll during the crisis; those loans will be forgiven if used for certain expenses such as payroll, rent, or utilities.

The data comes from the Small Business Association (SBA), the agency that administers the program, and is updated through May 31, 2021.

Emergency Injury Disaster Loans and Loan Advances

Economic Injury Disaster Loans (EIDL) are small, low-interest loans with options for principal and interest deferment. EIDLs are designed to provide economic relief to businesses that are currently experiencing a temporary loss of revenue; the loans can be used to cover working capital and normal operating expenses such as payroll costs, pay for sick leave, and debt-service costs.

Economic Injury Disaster Loan Advances, also referred to as EIDL grants, provide up to $10,000 of economic relief to qualified small businesses and agricultural businesses that faced economic injury because of the pandemic. Unlike the loans, EIDL advances do not have to be repaid. This category also includes the targeted EIDL advances, which provides $35 billion worth of grants to businesses in low-income communities. The SBA is no longer accepting EIDL loan and advance applications as of January 1, 2022.

Restaurant Revitalization Fund

This fund provides up to $29 billion in emergency assistance for eligible restaurants, bars, and other qualifying businesses impacted by COVID-19. It will provide restaurants with funding equal to their pandemic-related revenue loss up to $10 million per business and no more than $5 million per physical location. Recipients are not required to repay the funding as long as funds are used for eligible uses no later than March 11, 2023. The funds are made available through the SBA and have been fully disbursed.

Shuttered Venue Operators Grant

This grant provides about $16 billion of emergency assistance to eligible venues affected by COVID-19. Eligible applicants may qualify for grants equal to 45% of their gross earned revenue, with the maximum amount available for a single grant award of $10 million. $2 billion is reserved for eligible applications with up to 50 full-time employees. The SBA has provided data for the program through January 24, 2022.

Economic Impact Payments

The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has issued direct payments, often referred to as stimulus checks, to help Americans mitigate the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The first round of such payments totaled $1,200 per person ($2,400 for married couples) plus $500 per qualified child. As of December 31, the IRS has disbursed about $271 billion in those first-round Economic Impact Payments; the Congressional Budget Office estimates those payments will cost a total of $292 billion through 2021. Stimulus payments sent to Americans living abroad are included in the U.S. Territories category.

The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 included a second round of stimulus payments, totaling $600 per person plus $600 per qualified child; CBO expects those payments will costs $164 billion. The IRS has provided state-level data, as of early February 2021, for $141 billion of those payments. Stimulus checks for which a state is not available, which includes payments made to addresses in Puerto Rico, are included in the U.S. territories category.

The American Rescue Plan included a third round of such payments, totaling $1,400 per person plus $1,400 per eligible child. While the IRS has disbursed about $400 billion of those payments, the agency has provided state-level data, as of early June 2021, for $390 billion of the payments. Stimulus checks for which a state is not available, which includes payments made to addresses in Puerto Rico, are included in the U.S. territories category. Overall, CBO expects the third round of payments will cost $411 billion.

Unemployment Compensation

Federal legislation enacted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic extended unemployment benefits through various programs, all of which have since expired. The total expected cost of each program comes from the Congressional Budget Office and the Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget. and accounts for the states ending certain federal unemployment programs early. The expanded unemployment benefits expired September 5, 2021. Below is the methodology used to collect data on each program.

• Federal Pandemic Unemployment Compensation
  The Federal Pandemic Unemployment Compensation program initially increased unemployment benefits by $600 per week through July 31, 2020. The program was reauthorized, although at a lower rate, and increased such benefits by $300 per week. .
  Executive action, issued by President Trump on August 8, 2020, briefly continued some of those benefits but at a lower rate. Those funds, referred to as the lost wages assistance program, were provided through the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s (FEMA) Disaster Relief Fund and are included in the corresponding section below.

• Pandemic Emergency Unemployment Compensation
  The Pandemic Emergency Unemployment Compensation program provided up to 13 additional weeks of unemployment benefits to people who exhausted their regular unemployment benefits.

• Pandemic Unemployment Assistance
  The Pandemic Unemployment Assistance program expanded eligibility for unemployment benefits to people who were not usually eligible for regular unemployment compensation — such as self-employed workers, independent contractors, and individuals without sufficient work history. The program provided benefits for up to 50 weeks of unemployment.

• Other Emergency Unemployment Funding
  The federal government has provided support for other programs such as emergency relief for governments and non-profits, funding for the first week of regular unemployment compensation, and grants to state unemployment programs.

Provider Relief Fund

The $178 billion Provider Relief Fund, administered by the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), distributes direct payments to hospitals and other healthcare providers on the front lines of the coronavirus response. As of January 25, 2022, HHS has committed $158 billion of that funding. However, state-level disbursements for the program are only made public once healthcare providers have attested to receiving one or more payments and have agreed to the program’s terms and conditions, of which they have 90 days to do so. Such disbursements reflect about $122 billion of program spending.

Coronavirus Relief Fund

The Coronavirus Relief Fund consists of $150 billion in direct federal aid to governments in states, territories, and tribal areas to cover expenditures incurred due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Data for states and territories is from the Department of the Treasury; those funds sum to $142 billion and have been fully disbursed. That state-level data does not match the total amount disbursed to date, which includes $8 billion to tribal governments, the majority of which has also been disbursed.

Coronavirus State and Local Fiscal Recovery Fund

This fund provides $362 billion of direct federal aid to state, local, tribal, and territorial governments to cover expenditures incurred and revenues lost due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It includes the $10 billion allocated for the Capital Projects Fund for such governments to cover the costs of capital projects like broadband infrastructure.
While only $252 billion of such funding has been disbursed through January 21, the state-level data reflect $330 billion allocated to governments through the fund (which does not include the $20 billion allocated to tribal governments, the $10 billion Capital Projects Fund, and the $2 billion Local and Tribal Consistency Fund).

Medicare Accelerated and Advance Payments

Through this program, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) accelerated Medicare payments to hospitals and advanced payments to physicians and other healthcare providers to mitigate cash flow disruptions during the public health emergency. Those payments are loans that must be paid back and are financed from the Hospital Insurance (Part A) and Supplementary Medical Insurance (Part B) trust funds. To date, a total of $100 billion in such loans have been disbursed. As of October 8, CMS is no longer accepting applications for accelerated or advanced payments as they relate to the COVID-19 pandemic.

HHS COVID-19 Appropriations

These appropriations consist of the awards made by HHS using emergency supplemental funding provided in the COVID-19 relief bills that have been enacted to date. The appropriations are used for a variety of reasons, such as helping state and local public health departments respond to the pandemic, the purchase and development of COVID-19 testing, and child care block grants. The amount authorized for such appropriations is currently set as equal to the amount disbursed to date as the total amount authorized is not readily available.

The state-level distribution estimate for U.S. Territories includes awards made to foreign addresses those marked as ‘Other’. Data reflects spending disbursed as of January 25, 2021.

FEMA Disaster Relief Fund

Managed by the FEMA the Disaster Relief Fund is the primary source of funding for the federal government’s domestic general disaster relief programs. To supplement the amount appropriated to the fund before the onset of the pandemic, the CARES Act authorized an additional $45 billion to the program to cover costs that were incurred to reduce or eliminate the threat of COVID-19.

State-level distribution of such data comes from FEMA's monthly report to Congress on the activities and spending under the fund and reflects spending as of December 31, 2021. However, that data also includes funding disbursed for the lost wages assistance program as FEMA’s report combines the funding provided under each program.

Eductional Support

The Education Stabilization Fund was created to provide support to states, schools, and institutes of higher education in response to coronavirus. That fund consists of a number of programs, the largest of which are the Governor’s Emergency Education Relief Fund, Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief Fund, and Higher Education Emergency Relief Fund. This analysis uses data from the Department of Education and is updated through July 31, 2021.

Governor’s Emergency Education Relief (GEER) Fund

The GEER provides flexible emergency block grants to governors to help them meet the current needs of students, schools (including charter schools and non-public schools), postsecondary institutions, and other education-related organizations in their state. This category includes emergency assistance for non-public schools. The state-level distributions reflect the total amount authorized for each state.

Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief (ESSER) Fund

ESSER grants are provided to state educational agencies for the purpose of providing local educational agencies (LEAs), including charter schools that are LEAs, with emergency relief funds to address the impact that COVID-19 is having on elementary and secondary schools.

Higher Education Emergency Relief (HEER) Fund

HEER funds provide emergency relief to institutions and students in higher education. Congress created several different formula and allocations within the fund, including support for students, college institutions, historically black colleges and universities, tribally controlled colleges and universities, minority serving institutions, and more. The state-level distributions reflect the total amount authorized for each state but does not include the $396 million of grant funds for students at for-profit institutions.

Infrastructure Grants

Policymakers provided $70 billion in infrastructure grants to transit agencies to help them prevent, prepare for, and respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Federal Transit Administration, which is overseeing such grants, will support capital, operating, and other expenses. Those grants include nearly funding for urbanized areas, rural areas, public transportation on Indian reservations, and more.

State-level disbursement data for the infrastructure grants do not include allocations to Indian Reservations.

Rental Assistance

The Emergency Rental Assistance program makes available $47 billion to assist households that are unable to pay rent and utilities due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The funds are provided directly to States, U.S. Territories, local governments, and Indian tribes. Grantees use the funds to assist eligible households through existing or newly created rental assistance programs. Eligible households may receive up to 12 months of assistance, plus an additional 3 months if the grantee determines the extra months are needed to ensure housing stability and grantee funds are available.

Funding for the program is available through the U.S. Department of the Treasury. The state-level distributions reflect the full amount authorized to each state; as of January 21, 2021, only $38 billion of such funding has been disbursed.

Homeowner Assistance Fund

The Homeowner Assistance Fund (HAF) provides up to $10 billion to prevent mortgage delinquencies and defaults, foreclosures, loss of utilities or home energy services, and displacement of homeowners. Funds from the HAF may be used for assistance with mortgage payments, homeowner’s insurance, utility payments, and other specified purposes. The law prioritizes funds for homeowners who have experienced the greatest hardships, leveraging local and national income indicators to maximize the impact.

The state-level disbursement is available through the U.S. Department of the Treasury and reflects the full amount authorized to each state; as of May 13, only $742 million of such funding has been disbursed.

U.S. Territories

U.S. Territories includes American Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico, Northern Mariana Islands, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Included in this category is any U.S. coronavirus funding that was allocated to sovereign nations that have free association with the United States such as the Republic of the Marshall Islands, the Republic of Palau, and the Federal States of Micronesia. The programs included in this analysis do not necessarily provide funding to all U.S. territories.